1. Should the courts distinguish between different levels of participation in a sporting event when determining liability? Explain.

2. Suppose that Pfenning had been riding in the beverage cart with her grandfather when she was struck by the golf ball. In that situation, would the outcome of this case have been any different? Why or why not?

Whitey’s [31 Club], a bar, sponsored a golf scramble at the Elks’ golf course in Marion, [Indiana,] on August 19, 2006. Jerry Jones signed up to drive a beverage cart.

The morning of the scramble, Jones invited [his] then-sixteen year-old [granddaughter, Cassie] Pfenning, to ride in a beverage cart with him during the tournament. With her mother’s permission, Pfenning agreed to join Jones.