A proposed 2-mile pipeline is required to carry 77 .6 ft3/sec of water at 4°C (39oF) between two reservoirs. The receiving reservoir is located near Denver, Colorado, with a water surface elevation of 5.280 ft MSL. The supply reservoir is being constructed in the foothills with an estimated water surface elevation of 5,615 ft MSL. Based on flow demands, determine the required water surface elevation of the supply reservoir using the
(a) Hazen-Williams equation and the
(b) Manning equation. The 2.5-ft-diameter pipeline will be made from riveted steel (smooth). Ignore minor losses and verify your results with computer software.