A random sample of 500 married men was taken; each person was cross-classified as to the size community that he was presently residing in and the size community that he was reared in. The results are shown in the following table.

Does this sample contradict the claim of independence, at the 0.01 level of significance?
a. Solve using the p-value approach.
b. Solve using the classical approach.

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Size of Community Residing In Less Than 10,000 to 50,000 or Size of Community Reared In Less than 10,000 10,000 to 49,999 50,000 or over 0,000 49,999 Over 45 70 159 Total 24 21 63 45 64 54 152 234 Total 163 274 500