A recent study indicates that people tend to select video game avatars with characteristics similar to those of their creators (Bélisle & Onur, 2010). Participants who had created avatars for a virtual community game completed a questionnaire about their personalities. An independent group of viewers examined the avatars and recorded their impressions of the avatars. One personality characteristic considered was introverted/extroverted. Following is the frequency distribution of personalities for participants and the avatars they created.

a. Is there a significant relationship between the personalities of the participants and the personalities of their avatars? Test with a = .05.
b. Compute the phi-coefficient to measure the size of the effect.

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Participant Personality Introverted Extroverted 23 39 62 Introverted Avatar 45 Extroverted Avatar 16 38