A time study was conducted on a job that contains four elements. The observed times and performance ratings for six cycles are shown in the following table.

a. Determine the average cycle time for each element.
b. Find the normal time for each element.
c. Assuming an allowance factor of 15 percent of job time, compute the standard time for this job.

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OBSERVATIONS (minutes per cycle) Performance Rating Element 0.44 1.50 0.84 1.10 0.50 1.54 0.89 1.14 0.43 1.47 0.77 1.08 0.45 1.51 0.83 1.20 0.48 1.49 0.85 1.16 0.46 1.52 0.80 1.26 90% 85 110 100