According to a book published in 2011, 45% of the undergraduate students in the United States show

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According to a book published in 2011, 45% of the undergraduate students in the United States show almost no gain in learning in their first 2 years of college (Richard Arum et al., Academically Adrift, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2011). A recent sample of 1500 undergraduate students showed that this percentage is 38%. Can you reject the null hypothesis at a 1% significance level in favor of the alternative that the percentage of undergraduate students in the United States who show almost no gain in learning in their first 2 years of college is currently lower than 45%? Use both the p-value and the critical-value approaches.
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