According to the Institute for College Access & Success, the average student loan debt for the most recent class of students from Pennsylvania is $ 9,000 more than the average for students in California. To test this claim, the following data were collected from random samples. Assume the population variances for the student loan debt for these two states are equal.

a. Using α = 0.05, perform a hypothesis test to investigate the claim of the Institute for College Access & Success.

b. Approximate the p value using Table 5 in Appendix A and interpret the results.

c. Construct a 95% confidence interval to estimate the average difference in the student loan debt between these two states. Interpret your result.

d. Determine the precise p value using Excel and interpret the results.

e. Verify your results using PHStat.

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Pennsylvania California 29,959 $18,879 Sample mean Sample size Sample standard deviation 20 $7.000 20 $8,000