An instructor wanted to know the relationship between his review sessions and passing the final exam. He recorded whether students attended his review session and whether they passed the final exam. The following table lists the results of this hypothetical study using a sample of 64 students.

(a) Compute the phi correlation coefficient.
(b) Using a two-tailed test at a .05 level of significance, state the decision to retain or reject the null hypothesis. Hint: You must first convert r to a χ2 statistic.
(c) Explain why the simplified formula ((matches ˆ’ mismatches)/sample size) can be used to compute the phi correlation coefficient using these data.

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Attended Review Session Yes (O) Passed (O) Failed (1) No (1) Outcome 10 10