Anne-Marie and Yancy calculate their current living expenditures to be $67,000 a year. During retirement, they plan to take one cruise a year that will cost $5,000 in today's dollars. Anne-Marie estimated that their average tax rate in retirement would be 12 percent. Yancy estimated their Social Security income would be about $22,000 and their retirement benefits would be approximately $35,000. Use this information to answer the following questions:
a. How much income, in today's dollars, will Anne-Marie and Yancy need in retirement, assuming 70 percent replacement and an additional $5,000 for the cruise?
b. Calculate their projected annual income shortfall in today's dollars.
c. Determine, in dollars, the future value of the shortfall 30 years from now, assuming an inflation rate of 5 percent.
d. Assuming an 8 percent nominal rate of return and 25 years in retirement, calculate their necessary annual investment to reach their retirement goals.