Brescoll and Uhlmann (2008), in the study described in Exercise 14.18, found the reverse effect for females. They thought that perhaps this latter result was related to the way anger is judged in females compared to males. When they compared judgments of a video of a group of 41 females who expressed anger without an attribution for the source of anger women’s perceived status had a mean and standard deviation of 3.40 (1.44). When the women on the video gave an external attribution for their anger (an employee stole something), their perceived status had a mean and standard deviation of 5.02 (1.66) with a standard deviation of 1.66.
(a) Is this difference significant?
(b) What is the effect size?
(c) The corresponding means and standard deviations (in parentheses) for males were 5.42
(1.63) in the no-attribution condition and 4.14 (2.46) in the external attribution condition. Do we have evidence of a double standard for males and females?