Complete each of the following sentences:
a. When the private operation of a market leads to overproduction or underproduction of some good, this is known as a(n) _________________.
b. Goods that are non-rival and non-excludable are known as __________________.
c. ________________ are cash or in-kind benefits given to individuals as outright grants from the government.
d. A(n) ________________ confers an external benefit on third parties that are not directly involved in a market transaction.
e. __________________ refers to the government’s pursuit of full employment and price stability through variations in taxes and government spending.