Define each of the following terms:

a. Synergy; merger

b. Horizontal merger; vertical merger; congeneric merger; conglomerate merger

c. Friendly merger; hostile merger; defensive merger; tender offer; target company; breakup value; acquiring company

d. Operating merger; financial merger

e. Adjusted present value (APV) model

f. Purchase accounting

g. White knight; poison pill; golden parachute; proxy fight

h. Joint venture; corporate alliance

i. Divestiture; spin-off; leveraged buyout (LBO)

j. Holding company; operating company; parent company

k. Arbitrage; risk arbitrage