During recent years your company has made considerable use of debt financing, to the extent that it is generally agreed that the percentage of debt in the firm's capital structure (either in book or market value terms) is too high. Further use of debt will likely lead to a drop in the firm's bond rating. You would like to recommend that the next major capital investment be financed with a new equity issue. Unfortunately, the firm has not been doing very well recently (nor has the market). In fact the rate of return on investment has been just equal to the cost of capital. As shown in the financial statement in Table Q15.20, the market value of the firm's equity is less than its book value. This means that even a profitable project will decrease earnings per share if it is financed with new equity. For example, the firm is considering a project that costs $400 but has a value of $500 (i.e., an NPV of $100), and that will increase total earnings by $60 per year. If it is financed with equity, the $400 will require approximately 200 shares, thus bringing the total shares outstanding to 1,200. The new earnings will be $660, and earnings per share will fall to $0.55. The president of the firm argues that the project should be delayed for three reasons.
(a) It is too expensive for the firm to issue new debt.
(b) Financing the project with new equity will reduce earnings per share because the market value of equity is less than book value.
(c) Equity markets are currently depressed. If the firm waits until the market index improves, the market value of equity will exceed the book value and equity financing will no longer reduce earnings per share.
Critique the president's logic.
Table Q15.20. Balance Sheet as of December 31.19xx

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Assets Liabilities Short-term assets 2.000 8,000 10,000 Debt Equity Total 6,000 4,000 10,000 $2.000 00 1,000 Plant and equipment Total market value of equity Number of shares outstanding 2.00 600.00 .60 Price per share Total earnings for the year 19xx Earnings per share