Employees were making repairs on a company’s huge forging press using a gear-pulling device. The device had four large steel studs, weighing nearly 40 pounds each. A stud broke off during the repair operation, flew 121 feet, and struck an employee in the head. There had been two prior incidents in which studs had broken off and nearly injured persons, including supervisors, in the vicinity. The lead repairperson for the day shift had repeatedly requested enhanced safety precautions during repair operations, but the company rejected these measures because they would be too expensive or time-consuming. However, on another occasion, the company did take the lead repairperson’s suggestion that they post warning signs and cordon off the area. OSHA cited the company under the general duty clause. The company appealed the citation.