Explain, both in words and with a supply-and-demand diagram, the impact of each of the following upon the wages and employment in the affected labor market:
a. Upon union bricklayers: The bricklayers' union negotiated
a lower standard work rule, from 60 bricks per hour to 50 bricks per hour.
b. Upon airline pilots: After the deregulation of the airlines, nonunion airlines increased their market share by 20 percent.
c. Upon M.D.s: Many states began to allow nurses to assume more of physicians' responsibilities.
d. Upon American autoworkers. japan agreed to limit its exports of automobiles to the United States.