For a prescribed universe and any open statements p(x), q(x) in the variable x, prove that (a)

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For a prescribed universe and any open statements p(x), q(x) in the variable x, prove that
(a) ∃x [p(x) ∨ q(x)] ⇔ ∃x [p(x) ∨ ∃x q(x)
(b) ∀x [p(x) ∧ q(x) ⇔ ∀x [p(x) ∧ ∀x q(x)
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