For the wire form shown, the wire diameter is d, the length of the straight section is l, and Young€™s modulus is E. Consider the effects of bending only, with d (a) Use Castigliano€™s method to determine the spring rate k.
(b) Determine the spring rate if the form is made from 0.063-in diameter A313 stainless wire with R = 5/8 in and l = ½ in.

(c) For part (b), estimate the value of the load F, which will cause the wire toyield.

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Al B