For years the American Medical Association (AMA) stated that chiropractors were unscientific cult members. The Principles of

Question:

For years the American Medical Association (AMA) stated that chiropractors were unscientific cult members. The Principles of Medical Ethics of the AMA said that a "physician should practice a method of healing founded on a scientific basis; and she should not voluntarily associate with anyone who violates this principle." This was the basis of medical discrimination against chiropractic until the AMA dropped these statements in 1980. Five chiropractors sued the AMA after 1980, claiming that the effect of the past actions had "lingering effects" that injured their business in the medical market and that this was an illegal boycott. What resulted? [Wilk v. AMA, 895 F.2d 352, 7th Cir. (1990)]