Ford and Torok (2008) found that motivational signs were effective in increasing physical activity on a college campus. In a similar study, researchers first counted the number of students and faculty who used the stairs and the number who used the elevators in a college building during a 30-minute observation period. The following week, signs such as "Step up to a healthier lifestyle" and "An average person burns 10 calories a minute walking up the stairs" were posted by the elevators and stairs and the researchers once again counted people to determine whether the signs had a significant effect on behavior.