"Frontier medicine" is a term used to describe medical therapies (e.g., energy healing, therapeutic prayer, spiritual healing) for which there is no plausible explanation. The Lancet (July 16, 2005) published the results of a study designed to test the effectiveness of two types of frontier medicine-music, imagery, and touch (MIT) therapy and therapeutic prayer-in healing cardiac care patients. Patients were randomly assigned to receive one of four types of treatment: (1) prayer, (2) MIT, (3) prayer and MIT, and (4) standard care (no prayer and no MIT). Six months after therapy, the patients were evaluated for a major adverse cardiovascular event (e.g., a heart attack). The results of the study are summarized in the accompanying table and saved in the HEALING file.

a. Identify the two qualitative variables (and associated levels) measured in the study.
b. State Ho and Ha for testing whether a major adverse cardiovascular event depends on type of therapy.
c. Use the MINITAB printout above to conduct the test mentioned in part b at a = .10. On the basis of this test, what can the researchers infer about the effectiveness of music, imagery, and touch therapy and the effectiveness of healing prayer in heart patients?

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Number of Patients with Major Number of Cardiovascular Patients with Therapy Events No Events Total Prayer MIT Prayer and MIT Standard 43 47 39 50 139 138 150 142 182 185 189 192 Tabulated statistics: THERAPY, EVENT Using £requencies in NUHBER Rows: THERAPY Columns: EVENT NoYes Al1 185 140.7 44.3 185.O HIT 138 47 182 138.4 43.6 182.0 Prayer 139 43 189 143.8 45.2 189.0 Prayer GMIT 150 39 Standard 192 146.1 45.9 192.0 142 50 748 569.0 179.0 748.O A11 569 179 Count Expected count Cell Contents: