How is the residual theory of dividends used to explain observed dividend payments? How is this theory

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How is the residual theory of dividends used to explain observed dividend payments? How is this theory in conflict with evidence suggesting that corporate managers smooth dividends?
Dividend
A dividend is a distribution of a portion of company’s earnings, decided and managed by the company’s board of directors, and paid to the shareholders. Dividends are given on the shares. It is a token reward paid to the shareholders for their...
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