If a nominal interest rate of 8% is compounded continuously, determine the unknown quantity in each of the following situations:
a. What uniform EOY amount for 10 years is equivalent to $8,000 at EOY 10?
b. What is the present equivalent value of $1,000 per year for 12 years?
c. What is the future equivalent at the end of the sixth year of $243 payments made every six months during the six years? The first payment occurs six months from the present and the last occurs at the end of the sixth year.
d. Find the equivalent lump-sum amount at EOY nine when P0 = $1,000.