In a study of the moon illusion that we will discuss in Chapter 5, Kaufman and Rock (1962) tested an earlier hypothesis about reasons for the moon illusion by comparing how observers performed when they were able to look at the moon with their eyes level, and again with their eyes elevated. The data for the Eyes Level condition follow:

Using X to represent this variable,

(a) What are X₃, X₅, and X₈?

(b) Calculate ΣX.

(c) Write the summation notation for (b) in its most complex form.

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1.65 1.00 2.03 1.25 1.05 1.02 .67 86 56 1.73