In an experiment with beagles ages 7–11, the dogs attempted to learn how to find a treat under a certain black-colored block and then relearn that task with a white-colored block. The control group of dogs received standard care and diet. The diet and exercise group were given dog food fortified with vegetables and citrus pulp and vitamin E and C supplements plus extra exercise and social play. All 12 dogs in the diet and exercise group were able to solve the entire task, but only 2 of the 8 dogs in the control group could do so.
a. Show how to summarize the results in a contingency table.
b. Conduct all steps of Fisher’s exact test of the hypothesis that whether a dog can solve the task is independent of the treatment group. Use the two-sided alternative hypothesis. Interpret.
c. Why is it improper to conduct the chi-squared test for these data?