In evaluating the usefulness and validity of a questionnaire, researchers often pretest the questionnaire on different independently selected samples of respondents. Knowledge of the differences and similarities of the samples and their respective populations is important for interpreting the questionnaire's validity. Educational and Psychological Measurement (Feb. 1998) reported on a questionnaire developed for measuring the career success expectations of employees. The instrument was tested on the two independent samples described in the following table.

a. Does the population of managers and professionals from which the sample was drawn consist of more males than the part-time MBA population does? Conduct the appropriate test using α = .05.
b. Describe any assumptions you made in conducting the test of part a and why you made them.
c. Does the population of managers and professionals consist of more married individuals than the part-time MBA population does? Conduct the appropriate hypothesis test using α = .01.
d. What assumptions must hold for the test of part c to be valid?

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Managers and Professionals Part-Time MBA Students Sample size Gender (% males) Marital status (% 162 95.0 91.2 109 68.9 53.4 married)