In the Oettingen and colleagues (2001) study described earlier (in the Prediction in Research Articles section), in

Question:

In the Oettingen and colleagues (2001) study described earlier (in the "Prediction in Research Articles" section), in addition to studying anticipated disappointment, the researchers conducted an experiment focusing on number of plans and on taking responsibility. Their results are shown in Figure 12-9. Explain the meaning of each graph to a person who has never had a course in statistics.
In Figure 12-9