Oakdale, Inc., is a subsidiary of Solomon Publishing and specializes in the publication and distribution of reference books. Oakdale’s sales for the past year exceeded $18 million, and the company employed an average of 65 employees. Solomon periodically sends a member of the internal audit department to audit the operations of each of its subsidiaries, and Katherine Ford, Oakdale’s treasurer, is currently working with Ralph Johnson of Solomon’s internal audit staff Johnson has just completed a review of Oakdale’s investment cycle and prepared the following report.

General

Throughout the year, Oakdale has made short-term and long-tarn investments in securities; all securities are registered in the company‘s mine. According to Oakdale’s bylaws, its board of directors must approve long- term investment activity, whereas either the president or the treasurer may approve short-teen investment activity.

Transactions

The treasurer made all punha.ses and sales of short-term securities. The board approved the long-term security purchases, whereas the president approved the long-term security sale. Because the treasurer is listed with the broker as the company’s contact, this individual received all revenue from these investments (dividends and interest)i and then forwarded the checks to accounting for processing.

Documentation

The treasurer maintains purchase and sale authorizations, along with the broker’s advices. The certificates for all long4elm investments are kept in a safe deposit box at the local bank only the president of Oakdale has access to this box. An inventory of this box was made, and all certificates were accounted for. Certificates for short-term investments are kept in a locked metal box in the accounting office. Other documents, such as long-term contracts and legal agreements, we also kept in this box. The president the treasurer and the accounting manager have the three keys to the box. The accounting manager’s key is available to all accounting personnel should they require documents kept in this box. Documentation for two of the current short-term investments could not be located in this box; the accounting manager explained that some of the investments are for such short periods of tune that the broker does not always provide formal documentation.

Accounting Records

The accounting department records deposits of checks r interest and dividends earned on investments, but these cheeks could not be traced to the cash receipts which are maintained by the individual who normally opens, stamps, and logs incoming checks. These amounts are journalized monthly in an account for investment revenue. The treasurer authorizes checks drawn for investment purchases. Both the treasurer and the president must sign checks in excess of Sl5, 000. When securities are sold, the broker deposits the proceeds directly in Oakdale’s bank account by an electronic transfer.

Each month, the accounting manager and the treasurer prepare the journal entries required to adjust the short-term investment account. There was insufficient backup documentation attached to the journal entries reviewed to trace all transaction; however, the balance in the account at the end of last month closely approximates the amount shown on the statement received from the broker. The amount in the long-term investment acc4smt is correct, and the transactions can be clearly traced through the documentation attached to the journal entries. There are no attempts made to adjust either account to the lower of aggregate cost or market.

Required

To achieve Solomon Publishing’s objective of sound internal control, the company believes the following four controls are basic for an effective system of accounting control:

• Authorization of transactions

• Complete and accurate record keeping

• Access control

• Independent verification

a. Describe the purpose of each of the four controls listed heir.

b. Identify an in Oakdale’s investment procedures that violates each of the four controls listed here.

c. For each of the violations identified, describe how Oakdale’s can correct each weakness.