"One can judge the presence or absence of discrimination by looking at the proportion of the population in different occupations." Does such information help? Does it suffice? Consider each of the following examples. Relative to their numbers in the total population, there are
a. Too many blacks and too few Jews among professional athletes
b. Too few male secretaries
c. Too few female judges
d. Too few female prison guards
e. Too few male schoolteachers
f. Too few female graduate students in economics