One of the results was “women had better memory for emotional pictures than men; pictures rated as most highly arousing were recognized significantly more often by women than by men as familiar [t(20) = 2.40, P < 0.05] or remembered [ t( 20) = 2.38, P < 0.05]” (Canli et al., 2002, p. 10790). There are two separate test results reported in this quote.
a. Specify in words the null hypothesis being tested for each of the two tests. Make sure you don’t confuse the population with the sample and that you state the hypothesis using the correct one.
b. Were the researchers using a one- sided or a two-sided alternative hypothesis? Explain how you know.
c. Explain in words what is meant by [t(20) = 2.38, P < 0.05].
d. Is the use of the word “significantly” in the quote the statistical version or the English version or both? Explain how you know.