Participants were asked how many times in the past year they had experienced at least one of the 13 hangover symptoms listed. Responses were categorized as 0 times, 1€“2 times, 3€“11 times, 12€“51 times, and > 52 times. For the purposes of this exercise, responses have been categorized as less than an average of once a month (0€“11 times) versus 12 or more

times. The Minitab output at the top of the page shows the frequency of symptoms cat­egorized in this way versus the categorical variable male, female. (The format is slightly different from the format shown in Figures 13.1 and 13.2 because a different version of Minitab was used.) In this exercise and the next, we will determine if there is convincing evidence that one of the two sexes is more likely than the other to experience hangover symptoms at least once a month, on average. State the null and alternative hypotheses being tested. Make your answer specific to this situation.

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Expected counts are printed below observed counts 212 140 343.27 122.73 s11 326 Total 466 Male omale 569 180 551.73 197.27 749 Total 895 320 1215 chi-sq= 0.869 + 2.429 + 0.5401.5115.350 0 . 021 DF = 1 , P-value