Researchers conducted a study to determine whether graduates with an academic background in the discipline of leadership studies were better equipped with essential soft skills required to be successful in contemporary organizations than students with no leadership education and/ or students with a certificate in leadership. The Teams Skills Questionnaire was used to capture 366 Chapter 10 Two Sample Tests and One Way ANOVA ­students’ self ­reported ratings of their soft skills. The researchers found the following:

a. Complete the ANOVA summary table.

b. At the 0.05 level of significance, is there evidence of a difference in the mean soft skill score reported by different groups?

c. If the results in (b) indicate that it is appropriate, use the Tukey Kramer procedure to determine which groups differ in mean soft skill score. Discuss your findings.

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Co Degrees ofirt Sum of 261 Mean 180 FreedomSquares Squares F Source Among groups Within groups Total 2 297 299 1.879 31.865 33.744 Group No coursework in leadership Certificate in leadership Degree in leadership Mean 3.290 3.362 3.471 C105 90 102