Roadco Company has been hired to collect tolls for the Blue Ocean toll road. Robert Asphalt, the controller of Roadco, has been analyzing the situation and has come up with the following pieces of information:
a. During rush hour, commuters must presently wait in line for approximately 40 minutes at the main exit from the toll road.
b. Estimates show that during the rush hour 95% of all cars on the toll road are driven by regular commuters.
c. The technology is available for the inexpensive creation of electronic smart cards that are capable of radio-controlled communications directly with the toll booths.

Required
Design a smart card for collecting tolls from regular commuters. Your design should include the following:
a. Procedures for issuing and accounting for cards
b. Procedures for accounting for card usage
c. Security measures
d. Specifications for the types of smart cards to be used
e. Procedures for communicating between the tollbooth and the central office