Show for a photon gas that: (a) (b) d j /dV = j /3V (c) p
Question:
Show for a photon gas that:
(a)
(b) dωj/dV = –ωj/3V
(c) p = U/3V
Thus the radiation pressure is equal to 1/3 × (energy density).
(d) Compare the pressure of thermal radiation with the kinetic pressure of a gas of H atoms at a concentration of 1 mole cm-3 characteristic of the Sun. at what temperature (roughly) are the two pressures equal? The average temperature of the sun is believed to be near 100 mole cm-3at the center, where the kinetic pressure is considerably higher than the radiation pressure.
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a b We assume an isotropic volume change of a cubeshape cavity From 15 c Insert 51 into 50 d Ins...View the full answer
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Static friction and kinetic friction are two types of friction that occur when two objects are in contact with each other. Static friction is the force that must be overcome to initiate motion between two surfaces that are in contact with each other but are not moving relative to each other. It is caused by the interlocking of rough surfaces at the microscopic level, and it increases as the force pushing the surfaces together increases. Once motion between the surfaces starts, the static friction is no longer present. Kinetic friction, also known as sliding friction, is the force that opposes the motion of two surfaces that are in contact with each other and are moving relative to each other. It is caused by the rubbing of the surfaces against each other and the resistance of the molecules in the surfaces to being moved. Kinetic friction is generally less than static friction, but it can still be a significant force, especially at high speeds. Both static and kinetic friction can be quantified using a coefficient of friction, which is a dimensionless number that represents the ratio of the frictional force between two surfaces to the normal force (the force perpendicular to the surfaces). The coefficient of static friction is typically greater than the coefficient of kinetic friction for a given pair of surfaces, because it takes more force to overcome the interlocking of the surfaces at rest than to maintain motion once it has started.
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