While it may be sometime before FedEx will have pilotless airplanes and schools will have no human teachers, some jobs, according to Sherman (2015), have already been taken by robots. They include:
• Online marketers. Using NLP, companies are automatically developing marketing ads and e-mails that influence people to buy (robo marketers). These are based on a dialog with potential buyers and on an automatic database search of historical cases. "Who needs an online marketer that may have inferior, biased, or incomplete knowledge?"
• Financial analysts and advisors. As was described in Chapter 12, robo advisors are all over the scene. Equipped with the ability to deal with Big Data in real time and conduct predictive analysis in seconds, these programs are liked by investors who pay about one-tenth of what human advisors charge. Furthermore, robo advisors can personalize recommendations. Anesthesiologists, diagnosticians, and surgeons.
The medical field seems to be immune from AI. This is not the case. Expert systems for diagnosis have been in place for about 40 years.
The FDA has already approved the J&J Sedasys system for delivery of low-level anesthesia in surgeries, such as colonoscopies. IBM's Watson has demonstrated a far more accurate diagnosis in lung disease cases than humans (90% vs. 50%).
Finally, surgeons already use automated machines in some invasive procedures.
• Financial and sports reporters. These jobs involve gathering information, interviewing people, answering questions, analyzing the material, and writing reports. The Associated Press (AP) has experimented with AI machines since 2014. Results so far are virtually error and bias free (and no fake news!).
Palmer (2017) reported an additional five jobs in danger, including middle management, commodity salespeople, report writers, accountants and bookkeepers, and some types of doctors.
McFarland (2017b) lists as high-risk jobs cashiers, toll booth operators, fast-food employees, and drivers. Low-risk jobs include nurses, doctors, dentists, youth sport coaches, and social workers.

Questions for Case 14.2
1. Watch the 4:22 min. video about an interview with Palmer, at linkedin.com/pulse/5-jobsrobots take-first-shelly-palmer/. Discuss some of the assertions made regarding doctors.
2. Discuss the possibility of your checkup by a robot-diagnostician. How would you feel?
3. With the bombardment of fake news and their biased creators, it may be wise to replace all of them by intelligent machines. Discuss such a possibility.
4. You are a defendant in a crime you did not commit. Would you prefer a traditional lawyer or one equipped with an AI e-discovery machine? Why?