Parkinson disease causes rigidity, tremors, and other motor symptoms. Only 2% of cases are inherited, and these tend to have an early onset of symptoms. Some inherited cases result from mutations in a gene that encodes the protein parkin, which has 12 exons. Indicate whether each of the following mutations in the parkin gene would result in a smaller protein, a larger protein, or no change in the size of the protein:

a. Deletion of exon 3

b. Deletion of six consecutive nucleotides in exon 1

c. Duplication of exon 5

d. Deletion of intron 2