A recent study of Ivy League college students showed 20 percent had tried performance-enhancing drugs to improve their academic performance. A Royal Society study found senior employees find the effects even more powerful than do 19-year-olds. A Financial Times article claimed these drugs are “becoming popular among city lawyers, bankers, and other professionals keen to gain a competitive advantage over colleagues.” A Nature readership study showed 20 percent had used or were using such drugs. Scientists predict the use of cognitive enhancers is likely to increase as bioethical and psychological concerns are overcome. While users reported headaches, jitteriness, anxiety, and sleeplessness, such side effects didn’t appear to discourage use. Design the measurement instrument that would assess whether the employees in your firm or college were using so-called “smart drugs” to enhance their ability to work harder, longer, or smarter.