a. Define specific heat capacity of a substance.
b. A mass of 20 g of ice at −15 °C is taken from a freezer and placed in a beaker containing 200 g of water at 26 °C. Data for ice and water are given in Table 19.5.

i. Calculate the amount of thermal energy (heat) needed to convert all the ice at −15 °C to water at 0 °C.
ii. Calculate the final temperature T of the water in the beaker assuming that the beaker has negligible mass.

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Specific heat capacity /J kg-1 K-1 Specific latent heat of fusion / J kg-1 ice 2.1 x 103 3.3 x 105 water 4.2 x 103 Table 19.5