The height, h, of a column of liquid in a capillary tube can be estimated by using h = 2γ/gdr, where γ is the surface tension, d is the density of the liquid, g is the acceleration of free fall (g = 9.806 m · s^–2), and r is the radius of the tube. Which will rise higher in a tube that is 0.15 mm in diameter at 25°C, water or ethanol? The density of water is 0.997 g · cm^–3 and that of ethanol is 0.79 g· cm^–3. See Table 3G.1.

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TABLE 3G.1 Surface Tensions of Liquids at 25 °C Liquid benzene carbon tetrachloride ethanol hexane mercury methanol water Surface tension, y/(mN•m¹) 28.88 27.0 22.8 18.4 472 22.6 72.75 58.0 at 100 °C