In the clinical use of ultrasound, transducers are always coupled to the skin by a thin layer

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In the clinical use of ultrasound, transducers are always coupled to the skin by a thin layer of gel or oil, replacing the air that would otherwise exist between the transducer and the skin. 

(a) Using the values of acoustic impedance given in Table 17.5 calculate the intensity reflection coefficient between transducer material and air. 

(b) Calculate the intensity reflection coefficient between transducer material and gel (assuming for this problem that its acoustic impedance is identical to that of water). 

(c) Based on the results of your calculations, explain why the gel is used.

Data given in Table 17.5

Air Water Blood Fat Medium Muscle (average) Bone (varies) Barium titanate (transducer material) 1.3 Density

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