The Gecko Company and the Gordon Company are two firms whose business risk is the same but that have different dividend policies.

Gecko pays no dividend, whereas Gordon has an expected dividend yield of 2.9 percent.

Suppose the capital gains tax rate is zero, whereas the dividend tax rate is 35 percent.

Gecko has an expected earnings growth rate of 11 percent annually and its stock price is expected to grow at this same rate. If the aftertax expected returns on the two stocks are equal (because they are in the same risk class), what is the pretax required return on Gordon’s stock?