An article in the Wall Street Journal reported on a study released in 2019 by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York that estimated that the higher tariffs the Trump administration imposed on Chinese goods would cost approximately $831 per year to each U.S. household. 

a. Briefly explain the effect these tariffs will have on the growth rate in real GDP per capita between 2019 and 2020. 

b. Will the tariffs have an effect on the growth rate of U.S. real GDP in the long run? Briefly explain.