For Spearman’s correlation coefficient, if two (or more) positions are tied (assigned the same rank), you must adjust the data by
a. Calculating the “difference” using the variance of the distribution divided by the sample size.
b. Calculating an average rank by adding the tied ranks and dividing by the number of ties.
c. Assigning the first position to appear in the list with the higher of the two ranks, and the second to appear with the lower of the two ranks.
d. Giving the tied values the same, highest possible position.