A recent study compared the heart rates of 19 infants born to nonsmoking mothers with those of

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A recent study compared the heart rates of 19 infants born to nonsmoking mothers with those of 17 infants born to mothers who smoked an average of 15 cigarettes a day while pregnant and after giving birth.

The heart rates of the infants at one year of age were 20% slower on the average for the smoking mothers.

a. What is the outcome variable?

b. What is the treatment variable?

c. Was this a cohort study or a case-control study?

d. Was the study prospective, cross-sectional, or retrospective?

e. Could the results be due to confounding? Explain.

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Elementary Statistics

ISBN: 9781259969454

3rd Edition

Authors: William Navidi, Barry Monk

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Question Posted: Apr 30, 2024 08:53 AM

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A recent study compared the heart rates of 19 infants born to nonsmoking mothers with those of

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a The outcome variable is the heart rate of the infants at one year of age b The trea...View the full answer

Elementary Statistics

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