Evaluate the relative merit of each of the following environmental-management strategies. Identify a real-world case under which one of these strategies is more appropriate than the others.

(a) Pollution should be ‘controlled’ up to a point where the total social cost for disposing of it is minimized.

(b) Pollution should be ‘prevented’ at source.

(c) Pollution should be controlled to prevent major long-term and irreversible ecological impacts.