What would be the effect of each of the following on a firm’s operating and financial break-even point? Indicate the effect in the space provided by placing a plus sign (+) for an increase, a negative sign (-) for a decrease, and a zero (0) for no effect. When answering this question, assume everything except the change indicated is held constant.

a. An increase in the sales price
b. A reduction in the variable cost ratio
c. A decrease in fixed operating costs
d. Issuing new bonds
e. Issuing new preferred stock
f. Issuing new common stock