Gamification refers to the application of game design and development to social, industrial, and educational settings. For example, a gamification program might award points or achievements to people for reaching specific goals. A recent experiment on gamification in the workplace revealed that machinists’ motivation to work improved when they were given feedback about their job performance through a game-like smartphone app (Liu, Huang, & Zhang, 2017). Data like those observed by the authors are listed below.

a. Test the hypothesis that gamification affected participants’ motivation to work. Use a two-tailed test with α = .05.

b. Compute Cohen’s d to measure the size of the treatment effect.

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Rated Motivation to Work before Gamification 2 2 3 9 6 9 657 Rated Motivation to Work after Gamification 7 1 4 10 8 10 9 6 12