Below are approximate amounts related to retained earnings reported by five companies in previous years.

1. Coca-Cola reports an increase in retained earnings of $3.2 billion and net income of $6.9 billion. What is the amount of dividends?

2. PepsiCo reports an increase in retained earnings of $3.4 billion and dividends of $2.6 billion. What is the amount of net income?

3. Alphabet reports an increase in retained earnings of $1.6 billion and net income of $1.6 billion. What is the amount of dividends?

4. Sirius XM Satellite Radio reports beginning retained earnings of −$1.6 billion, net loss of $1.0 billion, and $0 dividends. What is the amount of ending retained earnings?

5. Abercrombie & Fitch reports ending retained earnings of $1.56 billion, net income of $0.43 billion, and dividends of $0.06 billion. What is the amount of beginning retained earnings?

Required:

Calculate the answer to each.