In 20X1, Ball Labs incurred the following costs:

Direct costs of doing contract research and development .............. $400,000
work for the government to be reimbursed by a governmental unit

Research and development costs not included above were:

Depreciation ............................................................ $300,000
Salaries ....................................................................... 700,000
Indirect costs appropriately allocated .................... 200,000
Materials ..................................................................... 180,000

Required:

What was Ball’s total research and development expense in 20X1?