On January 1, 2011, Grayson Construction Company overhauled four cranes resulting in a slight increase in the life of the cranes. Such overhauls occur regularly at two-year intervals and have been treated as maintenance expense in the past. Management is considering whether to capitalize this year's \(\$ 26,000\) cash cost in the Cranes asset account or to expense it as a maintenance expense. Assume that the cranes have a remaining useful life of two years and no expected salvage value. Assume straight-line depreciation.

Required

a. Determine the amount of additional depreciation expense Grayson would recognize in 2011 and 2012 if the cost were capitalized in the Cranes account.

b. Determine the amount of expense Grayson would recognize in 2011 and 2012 if the cost were recognized as maintenance expense.

c. Determine the effect of the overhaul on cash flow from operating activities for 2011 and 2012 if the cost were capitalized and expensed through depreciation charges.

d. Determine the effect of the overhaul on cash flow from operating activities for 2011 and 2012 if the cost were recognized as maintenance expense.