A gas is confined in a piston-cylinder device and has an initial volume of 1 liter. It is heated and expands to a volume of 2 liters (Figure 1-22). Assuming the external pressure from the atmosphere is P = 1 bar and the piston has negligible mass and negligible friction, how much work was done by the gas?

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Patm V₁ = 1 L 1 P atm V₂ = 2L FIGURE 1-22 A gas expands from V = 1 L to V = 2 L against a constant pressure.